@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20221003.13,
  author = {Pasquale Ruffolo and Marco Trifuoggi and Ferdinando Mazzei and Francesco Mazzei and Bruno Ruffolo and Manuela Panunzio and Ilaria Zampella and Antonio Marfella},
  title = {Selenium, Zinc and Copper: Can Their Deficiency Facilitate Complications COVID-19 and Omicron Pandemic},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {51-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20221003.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20221003.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20221003.13},
  abstract = {Two years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we set out to evaluate with this study the possible correlations between the complications from COVID-19 disease and omicron disease with selenium, zinc and copper deficiency or with the presence of some heavy metals or dioxins. The main objective of this study is that deficient in selenium, zinc and copper cannot avoid the risk of contagion, but can reduce the occurrence of complications. Therefore it seems appropriate to advise to control and rebalance the values of selenium, zinc and copper to deal in the best possible way with various bacterial and viral diseases and in particular a new possible viral pandemic. The above findings make us ponder over the impossibility of escaping the risk of contagion but, nevertheless, we can reduce its complications. So the question to ask is not if “we can escape the disease but how we can prevent its complications.” The challenge for us is to succeed in predicting the onset of different complications. Checking the right range of selenium, zinc and copper is important not to avoid contagion but to reduce symptoms and complication, not only in pandemics, but also in the treatment of many infectious diseases and cancers, in the last it is useful to check the excessive presence of different toxic metals that may affect the result of the therapy practiced and put patients’ health at risk. It means that it is better not to wait clinical signs to undergo diagnostic and instrumental tests that will, probably, show only a state of ongoing illness. Often such clinical investigations are performed in an incomplete, superficial and improper way. We even know that it is not easy to identify toxic substances because of difficulties related to their determination, and, first of all, for the small number of medical doctors competent to advise and to interpret medical tests according to reference values. Nowadays a very good early diagnosis is performed by using accurate and technologically advanced instrumental methods but, if instrumental diagnostic could be used alongside tests for heavy metals, dioxins, IPA, present into different biological matrix it would be possible to start a program of early clinical biochemistry diagnosis in order to prevent the complications related to these infectious diseases.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Selenium, Zinc and Copper: Can Their Deficiency Facilitate Complications COVID-19 and Omicron Pandemic
AU  - Pasquale Ruffolo
AU  - Marco Trifuoggi
AU  - Ferdinando Mazzei
AU  - Francesco Mazzei
AU  - Bruno Ruffolo
AU  - Manuela Panunzio
AU  - Ilaria Zampella
AU  - Antonio Marfella
Y1  - 2022/05/12
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20221003.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajim.20221003.13
T2  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
SP  - 51
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4324
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20221003.13
AB  - Two years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we set out to evaluate with this study the possible correlations between the complications from COVID-19 disease and omicron disease with selenium, zinc and copper deficiency or with the presence of some heavy metals or dioxins. The main objective of this study is that deficient in selenium, zinc and copper cannot avoid the risk of contagion, but can reduce the occurrence of complications. Therefore it seems appropriate to advise to control and rebalance the values of selenium, zinc and copper to deal in the best possible way with various bacterial and viral diseases and in particular a new possible viral pandemic. The above findings make us ponder over the impossibility of escaping the risk of contagion but, nevertheless, we can reduce its complications. So the question to ask is not if “we can escape the disease but how we can prevent its complications.” The challenge for us is to succeed in predicting the onset of different complications. Checking the right range of selenium, zinc and copper is important not to avoid contagion but to reduce symptoms and complication, not only in pandemics, but also in the treatment of many infectious diseases and cancers, in the last it is useful to check the excessive presence of different toxic metals that may affect the result of the therapy practiced and put patients’ health at risk. It means that it is better not to wait clinical signs to undergo diagnostic and instrumental tests that will, probably, show only a state of ongoing illness. Often such clinical investigations are performed in an incomplete, superficial and improper way. We even know that it is not easy to identify toxic substances because of difficulties related to their determination, and, first of all, for the small number of medical doctors competent to advise and to interpret medical tests according to reference values. Nowadays a very good early diagnosis is performed by using accurate and technologically advanced instrumental methods but, if instrumental diagnostic could be used alongside tests for heavy metals, dioxins, IPA, present into different biological matrix it would be possible to start a program of early clinical biochemistry diagnosis in order to prevent the complications related to these infectious diseases.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  - 

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