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A Retrospective Observational Study Comparing ABO Blood Group and Rh Factor Distribution in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases and Healthy Donors in Southern India
Arindam Nandy Roy,
Yarram Ashok Kumar,
Regina Lata Thadigiri
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
107-113
Received:
31 March 2021
Accepted:
19 April 2021
Published:
29 April 2021
Abstract: Association between ABO blood group and rheumatic diseases is not well characterized. This study assessed distribution of ABO blood group and Rh factor in patients with rheumatic diseases and healthy blood donors. We retrospectively evaluated data of patients with rheumatic diseases who attended the hospital from September 2015 to January 2020, and the documented evidence of blood group of healthy blood donors. Data from 5000 healthy donors and 3165 patients with rheumatic disease were assessed. Overall, blood type O was the most prevalent (42.94% and 43.14%) followed by B (33.21% and 30.08%), A (17.66% and 21.48%) and AB (6.19% and 5.30%) in patients with rheumatic disease and healthy donors, respectively. This distribution was statistically different between the groups, with blood group A being more common in healthy donors than in patients with rheumatic disease (P<0.0001). Distribution of ABO groups among rheumatic disease types was similar (P=0.2921). More individuals had Rhesus (Rh) (+) factor (93.97%) than Rh (-) (6.03%), however, its distribution was comparable across healthy donors and patients with rheumatic disease (P=0.1145). Patients with blood group A had significantly lower risk of developing rheumatic diseases compared to blood group O (OR [95% CI]: 0.94 [0.780, 1.134]; P<0.0318). Similarly, patients bearing blood type A+ (0.98 [0.62, 1.54]; P=0.0037) and O+ (1.08 [0.694, 1.68]; P=0.0215) were at a lower risk for developing rheumatic diseases compared to those with O- blood group. The most common blood type was O followed by B, A and AB in patients with rheumatic disease and healthy donors. Individuals with blood group A had lower risk of developing rheumatic diseases compared to other blood types.
Abstract: Association between ABO blood group and rheumatic diseases is not well characterized. This study assessed distribution of ABO blood group and Rh factor in patients with rheumatic diseases and healthy blood donors. We retrospectively evaluated data of patients with rheumatic diseases who attended the hospital from September 2015 to January 2020, and...
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New Waves of COVID-19 in Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar
Attapon Cheepsattayakorn,
Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn,
Porntep Siriwanarangsun
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
114-120
Received:
15 January 2021
Accepted:
26 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: The UK COVID-19-variant-B.1.1.7 was identified in individuals from China and India who entered Cambodia in February 2021 and the first case of Cambodia was reported on February 15, 2021. Since February 2021, the UK COVID-19-variant-B.1.1.7 had spread throughout Cambodia, particularly in Phnom Penh. The objectives of this study are to identify the causes of a spike in COVID-19 cases, track of COVID-19 surges, preparing for a spike or new wave or third wave of COVID-19, how herd immunity to COVID-19 work in the communities, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) variants, and control measures in Thailand and related countries. A comprehensive search was carried out in mainstream bibliographic databases or Medical Subject Headings, including Scien Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science. The search was applied to the articles that were published between 2019 and early April 2021. With strict literature search and screening processes, it yielded 29 articles from 340 articles of initial literature database. On April 5, 2021, there was an increase of 250 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)-infected cases related to nightlife establishments in Bangkok, contributing to shutting of the entertainment venues in 3 districts of the capital for at least 2 weeks. A private hospital in Bangkok conducted the drive-through COVID-19-infection screening since April 1, 2021 and revealed that approximately 9% of those tested were infected. The most of the infected individuals those tested at this private hospital had visited the same entertainment venues as the above group. Nightlife venues give noise level that people have to stand close to each other and shout to be heard. Additionally, revelers tend to move from one party to another, potentially spreading the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Thailand might have been carried into the country from Cambodia, either by migrant workers or Thais crossing the border. When a locally-manufactured AstraZeneca vaccine becomes available, Thailand plans to begin its mass immunization campaign in June 2021. The Thai army was setting up field hospitals with approximately, 3,000 beds in 10 army bases, braced for a possible surge in new COVID-19 patient. In conclusion, due to weak health systems in Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Laos, the Philippines, and Timor Leste, listed as vulnerable by the United Nations (UN), the COVID-19-variant new outbreak in Cambodia and Myanmar can easily spread this contagiously infectious disease to the ASEAN countries. Calls to form an ASEAN Center for Disease Prevention and Control are urgently needed.
Abstract: The UK COVID-19-variant-B.1.1.7 was identified in individuals from China and India who entered Cambodia in February 2021 and the first case of Cambodia was reported on February 15, 2021. Since February 2021, the UK COVID-19-variant-B.1.1.7 had spread throughout Cambodia, particularly in Phnom Penh. The objectives of this study are to identify the c...
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Prognostic Impact of Acute Kidney Injury on Decompensated Heart Failure
Layane Bonfante Batista,
Roberto Ramos Barbosa,
Caroline Feu Rosa Carrera,
Gabriella Martins Curcio,
Pietro Dall’Orto Lima,
Vinicius Angelo Astolpho,
Rodolfo Costa Sylvestre,
Lucas Crespo De Barros,
Renato Giestas Serpa,
Osmar Araujo Calil,
Luiz Fernando Machado Barbosa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
121-126
Received:
28 February 2021
Accepted:
22 March 2021
Published:
26 May 2021
Abstract: Decompensated heart failure (HF) is a complex and debilitating syndrome, which constitutes a severe emergency condition with high morbidity and mortality. Kidneys play fundamental roles in the pathophysiology of HF and, in the context of decompensations, acute kidney injury (AKI) has a bilateral cause-and-effect relationship, which can significantly worsen prognosis. However, the interaction between AKI and decompensated HF is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of AKI in patients hospitalized due to decompensated HF and to analyze its prognostic impact during hospitalization. This prospective single-center observational study included patients hospitalized due to decompensated HF in a tertiary-level teaching hospital, between July 2017 and January 2020. Patients who developed AKI during hospitalization were compared with those who did not develop it, until hospital discharge or death. AKI was defined as a serum creatinine increase greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/dl in 48 hours, a 1.5-fold increase in baseline creatinine in seven days or urinary volume <0.5 ml/kg/h for six hours, according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. The endpoints analyzed were death, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and length of hospital stay. The Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and unpaired student t tests were used. Ninety-nine patients were included, with a mean age of 65.4±14 years, of which 47 (47.5%) were male and 52 (52.5%) were female. Reduced ejection fraction (EF) was observed in 77.8% of patients, whilst 22.2% had a diagnosis of HF with preserved EF. Decompensation clinical classifications were dry and warm=7 (7.1%), wet and warm=72 (72.7%), wet and cold=15 (15.1%) and dry and cold=5 (5.1%). The average left ventricular ejection fraction was 38.3%±15. AKI occurred in 22 patients (22.2%). Comparison between patients who evolved with and without AKI showed higher mortality (36.4% vs 10.4%, p=0.004) and need for IMV (54.5% vs 13%, p=0.0001) in the first group. There was no significant difference regarding the length of hospitalization (22.9±19 vs 18.8±16 days, p=0.26). Our results pointed to the occurrence of AKI was frequent in patients with decompensated HF requiring hospitalization, affecting approximately one out of five patients. This complication was significantly associated with increased mortality and the need for IMV during hospitalization.
Abstract: Decompensated heart failure (HF) is a complex and debilitating syndrome, which constitutes a severe emergency condition with high morbidity and mortality. Kidneys play fundamental roles in the pathophysiology of HF and, in the context of decompensations, acute kidney injury (AKI) has a bilateral cause-and-effect relationship, which can significantl...
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Lower Back Pain Among Neurological and Neurosurgical Adult Patients at an Armed Forces Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Shewalem Geremew Denboba,
Alemayehu Worku
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
127-137
Received:
5 March 2021
Accepted:
21 May 2021
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: Lower back pain differs in prevalence with respect to gender, time, occupation and nations and little is known about it on military professionals in Ethiopia who are exposed to more workload, psychological disorders and regular physical exercise hence we aimed in this study to assess the magnitude of lower back pain and its determinants among neurological and neurosurgical adult patients at Armed Forces Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from December 16, 2017 to March 23, 2018. For this aim a comparative crossectional study was carried out, and using single and two population proportion formulas, sample size of 585 was calculated. Every third participants aged more than or equal to 18 years were included in the study. Descriptive statics and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done for variables. The study results showed response rate of the study is 99.7% and the median age is 42 years with interquartile range of 14 years, 447 (76.7%) of them are male and 441 (75.6%) are military. The magnitude of low back pain is 65.9% with 95% Confidence Interval (62.1, 69.8); and previous recommended spinal surgery, tender point, comorbidities, and numbness and tingling sensation have significant association in multivariable logistic regression with adjusted odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval) 2.18 (1.06, 4.45), 4.36 (2.17, 8.77), 0.57 (0.35, 0.95), and 2.92 (1.71, 4.96); respectively. Finally, we concluded that the magnitude of lower back pain is high neurological and neurosurgical adult military patients at study settings and determinants are recommended spinal surgery, and numbness and tingling sensation, tender point and comorbidities; and strengthening neurological and neurosurgical services are recommended.
Abstract: Lower back pain differs in prevalence with respect to gender, time, occupation and nations and little is known about it on military professionals in Ethiopia who are exposed to more workload, psychological disorders and regular physical exercise hence we aimed in this study to assess the magnitude of lower back pain and its determinants among neuro...
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Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea on Rate of Dysrrhythmia and Outcome in Stroke Admissions on the Medical Service of Jos University Teaching Hospital
Basil Nwaneri Okeahialam,
Patrick Oyigebe Idoko
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
138-141
Received:
25 April 2021
Accepted:
14 May 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is said to be associated with stroke and can be modulated to advantage. Given its impact on atrial fibrillation (AF), a predictor of severity and poor stroke outcome, we decided to study the relationship of OSA with arrhythmias and outcome in stroke patients admitted on our service. Stroke patients admitted and confirmed by neuro-imaging were examined physically, underwent 24 hour Holter monitoring and assessed for severity, dependency and survival status by 4 weeks after admission. They had arterial blood saturation checked between 10 pm and 2 am. Saturation < 90% defined OSAS and it was correlated with presence of arrhythmias, severity of stroke and outcome measures. Ninety four patients (52 M, 42 F) were enrolled. Ten, 6 M 4 F had OSA with a mean age of 56.00±16.80 years. AF was more associated with OSA to a statistically significant extent (chi-square=7.453, p=0.006). When it comes to mortality or whether patient was still on admission or had been discharged by 4 weeks, presence of OSA made an obvious difference. (chi-square=16.202. p=0.001). Those with OSA were more dependent 4 weeks after admission and had more severe stroke, but the difference missed statistical significance. In conclusion, OSA in stroke patients is fraught with a high risk of arrhythmias in which presence strokes are more severe with poorer outcomes. Appropriate management of OSA in patients at risk of stroke or after the ictus is bound to mitigate the burden and consequences of stroke.
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is said to be associated with stroke and can be modulated to advantage. Given its impact on atrial fibrillation (AF), a predictor of severity and poor stroke outcome, we decided to study the relationship of OSA with arrhythmias and outcome in stroke patients admitted on our service. Stroke patients admitted and confir...
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The Severity of the Clinical Expression of Lysosomal Acid Lipase in Patients with Cryptogenic Cirrhosis
Arturo Solano-Urrusquieta,
Nelson Eduardo Alvarez-Licona,
Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez,
Raul Fierros-Oceguera,
Javier Bastida-Alquicira,
Alicia Sarahi Ojeda-Yuren,
Eira Cerda-Reyes
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
142-147
Received:
24 March 2021
Accepted:
21 April 2021
Published:
4 June 2021
Abstract: Lysosomal acid lipase is an enzyme that intervenes in the last steps of lipid metabolism to hydrolyze cholesteryl esters. Patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis present a clear deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase with an unknown mechanism. Design: The present study has an analytical and retrospective design, of a sample of 55 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. The degree of association of lysosomal acid lipase was determined with the results of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, as well as with the clinical manifestations of portal hypertension and splenic volume. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were determined for the diagnosis of the manifestations of portal hypertension. Results: The most frequent complication of portal hypertension was variceal hemorrhage with 40%, followed by ascites with 32.7%, and last, by hepatic encephalopathy, with 18.2%. Association by the x² test was without statistical significance with values of 0.177, 0.299, and 0.184 for encephalopathy, variceal hemorrhage, and ascites, respectively. The association of lysosomal acid lipase and splenic volume utilizing the Student t-test had a low degree of association and p >0.05. Through ROC curves, we obtained AUROC results close to 0.5. Conclusion: It is established that there is no correlation of the levels of activity of lysosomal acid lipase with the values of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, as well as with the presence or absence of clinical manifestations and by ultrasound of portal hypertension. Lysosomal acid lipase is not a good test for the diagnosis of the clinical manifestations of portal hypertension.
Abstract: Lysosomal acid lipase is an enzyme that intervenes in the last steps of lipid metabolism to hydrolyze cholesteryl esters. Patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis present a clear deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase with an unknown mechanism. Design: The present study has an analytical and retrospective design, of a sample of 55 patients with cryptogenic...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma Differentiation by Immunologic Features
Natalya Avtandilovna Raspopina,
Shuganov Evgeny Grigoryevich,
Salmasi Jean Mustafaevich,
Shuganov Altxander Evgenyevich,
Popova Elena Nikolaevna,
Subbotina Tatyana Igorevna,
Filippova Tamara Vladimirovna
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
148-152
Received:
25 April 2021
Accepted:
18 May 2021
Published:
7 June 2021
Abstract: Among respiratory diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common. Considering that the leading clinical symptom of these diseases is bronchial obstruction, as well as a large number of phenotypes in both asthma and COPD, especially when patients have signs of both diseases, problems arise in differential diagnosis. Immune inflammation plays an important pathological role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Lymphocyte is the principal immune cell capable of recognizing a particular molecular determinant of the organic structure disorder. We aimed to search for specific features of the immune response in these diseases. Therefore, we determined in peripheral blood the relative and absolute content of lymphocytes expressing the CD3, CD4, CD16, CD54, CD56, CD72, HLA-DR, CD95, and CD178 antigens. The study found that low CD8, CD16 and high CD 178 lymphocytes are characteristic of patients with asthma, and high CD8, CD16 and low CD 178 are typical in COPD. Over 4-5 times increase in CD54 is characteristic of asthma, while in COPD the index exceeded the norm by only 50%. An important feature of COPD is a low apoptosis irrespective of the stage of the disease. These immunologic features can be additional criteria for asthma and COPD differentiation.
Abstract: Among respiratory diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common. Considering that the leading clinical symptom of these diseases is bronchial obstruction, as well as a large number of phenotypes in both asthma and COPD, especially when patients have signs of both diseases, problems arise in differential diagn...
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Risk of Thromboembolic Disease and Hemorrhage in Patients with Multiform Glioblastoma
Iris Violeta de la Rocha Vedia,
Jose Portillo Sanchez
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
153-159
Received:
8 May 2021
Accepted:
31 May 2021
Published:
9 June 2021
Abstract: Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor, with an aggressive course and a short life expectancy despite standard treatment. The possibility of the development of thrombotic events (VTE) with this type of cancer is frequent. Objective: To determine the risk of presenting VTE and haemorrhagic events in patients affected by GBM. Methods: Observational retrospective study of patients with GBM diagnosis at the General University Hospital of Ciudad Real between 2012 and 2015. The demographic characteristics of patients were studied, predictive models were compared, and a survival analysis was performed. Results: 13 (16.9%) out of 77 patients developed symptomatic VTE. The quality of life according to the performance status ECOG scale at the moment of diagnosis was 1 in 42 (15.38%) patients, and at the time of VTE, 5 (41.7%) had a value of 2, and 4 (33.3.3%) registered 3. In the group that developed VTE according to the predictive model of risk for thrombosis in Khorana 5 (38.5%) had low risk and 8 (61.5%) intermediate; on the ASCO 2013 modified scale 5 (38.5%) had an Intermediate risk and 8 (61.5%) high. With a median, 1 year follow-up, 64 (84.2%) patients died, with an average time after diagnosis of 279.09 days (216.6-341.6) (SE 31,8). 2 (2.6%) of the patients presented a greater haemorrhagic event and 7 (7.9%) cerebral haemorrhage, of which 4 (44.4%) had prophylactic Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs). In the survival analysis, patients who received prophylactic treatment with LMWHs had a higher survival rate with an average of 298.5 days compared to 239.3 of those who did not (p>0.05). There were no significant variables in the multivariate analysis for thrombotic or haemorrhagic events. Conclusion: The demographic and clinical characteristics of our patients were similar to those reported in other publications. The predictive scale of Khorana was not validated in our study, in contrast, the modified ASCO 2013 scale was closer to our results. The creation of a precise predictive model would help to delineate the benefit of prophylactic anticoagulation in high-risk patients. Long-term prophylaxis with LMWHs has demonstrated a reduction of thrombotic events without significantly increasing fatal haemorrhagic episodes, also demonstrating greater long-term survival, independent of thrombotic events. Randomized prospective studies are needed to demonstrate its benefits.
Abstract: Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor, with an aggressive course and a short life expectancy despite standard treatment. The possibility of the development of thrombotic events (VTE) with this type of cancer is frequent. Objective: To determine the risk of presenting VTE and haemorrhagic events in pati...
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